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很久以来,牡蛎作为当地居民、游客和全球市场喜爱的食物,在沿海地区的经济中扮演着重要的角色。同时,大量牡蛎聚集生长所形成的生物性结构称为牡蛎礁,是一种重要的海岸带栖息地,能够带来多重生态效益。然而,过去的一百年里,在全球范围内,因过度捕捞、水体污染、海岸带开发和病害等原因,牡蛎礁栖息地,已退化消失了85%(Beck et al., 2011)。3 w7 Q% Y M1 T
0 j0 x$ Z+ m, o; I. z在有些地方,牡蛎礁能够起到防波堤的作用,作为天然屏障抵御海浪冲击和海平面上升带来的影响——尤其是在气候持续变化的情况下。© Jerod Foster
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牡蛎通过滤食活动可以减少水体中的悬浮微粒和多余营养物,提高水体清澈度;除了净化水体外,牡蛎礁的三维结构不仅能够为众多的海洋生物提供栖身之所、增殖渔业资源;当飓风、台风等灾害袭来时,它还能够有效减轻海浪对于海岸带的冲击,减少岸线侵蚀。而牡蛎礁栖息地的保护和修复是个长期的系统性工程,需要充分调动各方力量,从政策、科研、资金和社会参与等方面积极行动。
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为扭转牡蛎礁的退化趋势,全球多个地区的海洋保护工作者、科研人员和多方社会力量开展了大量的修复研究与实践行动。大自然保护协会(TNC)作为其中一员,在牡蛎礁保护和修复领域进行了20多年的工作。目前,TNC正与合作伙伴在北美、欧洲及亚太地区(包括中国)修复牡蛎礁,恢复它所带来的生态、社会与经济效益。从小规模的修复研究与实践、到海湾河口的大规模修复规划与实施,都取得了良好的修复成效。目前,TNC在全球参与实施的牡蛎礁修复项目已有200多个。3 K$ Y4 u( S2 d' B0 b: c4 ]
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% v$ r7 u6 c( e7 Z2 YConsider The Oyster by Bill Rodney音频:00:0004:04
) W! A! y. _& n% l) Y) F9 V《关心关心牡蛎吧》是为了赞美牡蛎守护海洋健康而作的歌曲,歌中唱到牡蛎在净化水体、形成栖息地和抵御风暴的厉害之处,并指出:“它们可不只是顿饭这么简单”。# g% A; k: W. m# G/ D T
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MUSIC AND LYRICS BY BILL RODNEY WITH YANIV BRENNER ON PIANO AND ORGAN " Y! Q9 f* b- h$ z
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Consider the humble oyster living on the muddy bottom of the bay- r9 J; L7 z- @' h# Y9 Z
Why it’s just a rock that’s filled with snot, I heard somebody say
/ K9 } O5 k& ?! qBut did you know that just one oyster can filter 50 gallons of water in one day?
; O) g5 c* n6 @( }) L* S. ENow imagine 10 million oysters on a reef, whoa that blows my mind away
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5 _7 f' h1 _$ ?! {Verse 2:3 Y7 n# D9 [) E* Z* a$ H
When oysters filter water you know, they strain the small stuff out. ^( P- b9 l/ ^! Y( G0 _6 q
Nutritious, delicious phytoplankton baby, that’s what it's all about7 ~# E E6 ^" l$ C* M, y J
But of all the stuff they filter, only some is gonna make it to their mouth% O% |' s$ M/ l3 q5 n
The rest gets wrapped in a mucous ball and pseudo-spitted out1 ^6 k2 N( z/ F0 _
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Chorus:
% p" {3 }) ]' Y- r. \5 wOysters – they’re filtering machines
5 ] X7 f, [* F2 v5 m9 gOysters – they'll keep the water clean1 q; Z- [' Y, ]& J
Oysters – they’re habitat producers
+ d% d; N- K7 w: EOysters – wave energy reducers
% q: K7 g1 {* h" t+ X5 QOysters, oysters, oysters…they’re not just for breakfast anymore
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Verse 3:6 l4 ?! w0 G4 O
And another thing about oysters, they build these gnarly reefs1 c U, L) O" B; e( v4 Q' R. |2 M
That are home to crabs and shrimps and things, that Mr. Redfish likes to eat& ]+ c$ w) S+ l F
Yeah that’s his destination when he's looking to obtain a tasty treat
3 K) ?# ]7 q& H' N1 n0 n9 jAnd that stimulates production in the fishes, yeah I think that’s pretty neat
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Verse 4:( A7 l( A3 G) P0 @
When oysters build their gnarly reefs in skinny waters near the marshy shore
& l. i) f- k) ` }* `8 H" [! iThis creates an opportunity for the oyster to contribute even more( P/ ^+ p4 F" n& w" B
They attenuate wave energy when the winds blow hard and make the white caps roar1 I$ z0 R# n6 {! t9 T
The rugose reefs reduce erosive forces, yeah baby that’s a score7 I# y: B _' t% ~" [; Q9 o
' L# A) [" }5 @5 B; k; {& W* lChorus:4 U; T, S' e1 Z# I: ?
Oysters – they’re filtering machines
) R/ ]! w; @2 Z) O% ~; Z5 j1 zOysters – help keep the water clean* N5 @' I% f" q3 Y- E
Oysters – they’re habitat producers
. Q: N5 N& h" v/ C3 UOysters – wave energy reducers
. B1 y7 z9 Z$ qOysters, oysters, oysters…the best come from Texas, don’t’ mess with the rest cause, they’re not just for breakfast anymore* H# T& n0 M8 h% p) y8 ~9 k
牡蛎礁,这一种令人惊叹的栖息地,不仅在海岸带生态系统中发挥着不可或缺的支撑作用,同时也可以作为基于自然的解决方案(Nature-based Solutions,NbS),例如配合海堤等灰色基础设施构成生态岸线,抵御风暴灾害的同时也为社区居民亲近自然、了解海洋提供重要渠道。我们相信,未来在大家的共同努力下,牡蛎礁将重新生机勃勃!
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世界海洋日
4 R: z5 F$ R' ^% P% S海洋覆盖了地球70%以上的面积。海洋是我们的生命之源,人类以及地球上其他所有生命都依赖于海洋。海洋产生了地球上至少50%的氧气,是地球上大多数生物多样性的家园,全球超过10亿人口摄入的蛋白质也主要来源于海洋。然而,我们的海洋正处于危机之中,受到海洋垃圾、过度捕捞、气候变化等因素的威胁。2022年世界海洋日的全球主题是“振兴海洋 集体行动”(Revitalization: Collective Action for the Ocean)。我们需要为子孙后代保护好美妙的海洋资源。
7 T" i( j5 |) [5 L该文章来源互联网,如有侵权请联系删除# J- }. u" e% ^5 o- B
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