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很久以来,牡蛎作为当地居民、游客和全球市场喜爱的食物,在沿海地区的经济中扮演着重要的角色。同时,大量牡蛎聚集生长所形成的生物性结构称为牡蛎礁,是一种重要的海岸带栖息地,能够带来多重生态效益。然而,过去的一百年里,在全球范围内,因过度捕捞、水体污染、海岸带开发和病害等原因,牡蛎礁栖息地,已退化消失了85%(Beck et al., 2011)。! H8 K7 O. e0 Y9 ~5 d5 K' q
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在有些地方,牡蛎礁能够起到防波堤的作用,作为天然屏障抵御海浪冲击和海平面上升带来的影响——尤其是在气候持续变化的情况下。© Jerod Foster
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" s4 z3 K" m7 ?5 P4 z5 r牡蛎通过滤食活动可以减少水体中的悬浮微粒和多余营养物,提高水体清澈度;除了净化水体外,牡蛎礁的三维结构不仅能够为众多的海洋生物提供栖身之所、增殖渔业资源;当飓风、台风等灾害袭来时,它还能够有效减轻海浪对于海岸带的冲击,减少岸线侵蚀。而牡蛎礁栖息地的保护和修复是个长期的系统性工程,需要充分调动各方力量,从政策、科研、资金和社会参与等方面积极行动。. }4 j3 a+ s0 }) L3 x1 \
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) e) w2 H/ a& O为扭转牡蛎礁的退化趋势,全球多个地区的海洋保护工作者、科研人员和多方社会力量开展了大量的修复研究与实践行动。大自然保护协会(TNC)作为其中一员,在牡蛎礁保护和修复领域进行了20多年的工作。目前,TNC正与合作伙伴在北美、欧洲及亚太地区(包括中国)修复牡蛎礁,恢复它所带来的生态、社会与经济效益。从小规模的修复研究与实践、到海湾河口的大规模修复规划与实施,都取得了良好的修复成效。目前,TNC在全球参与实施的牡蛎礁修复项目已有200多个。
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/ \1 J$ W. P gConsider The Oyster by Bill Rodney音频:00:0004:04
, t* q: ~4 p: d9 W' {- s1 b《关心关心牡蛎吧》是为了赞美牡蛎守护海洋健康而作的歌曲,歌中唱到牡蛎在净化水体、形成栖息地和抵御风暴的厉害之处,并指出:“它们可不只是顿饭这么简单”。- S8 }% _1 b$ V# g
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2 R! r$ O# A( e2 i( {. F- tMUSIC AND LYRICS BY BILL RODNEY WITH YANIV BRENNER ON PIANO AND ORGAN ; U$ G9 v% S, y/ H
Verse 1:
: |2 B8 Y- G& Q) {5 X- c0 @8 e5 zConsider the humble oyster living on the muddy bottom of the bay
1 W9 }: ~( Z: g9 ]8 \: WWhy it’s just a rock that’s filled with snot, I heard somebody say
# j, W+ x8 x. D) _But did you know that just one oyster can filter 50 gallons of water in one day?
+ O% i, h, Z0 s* d7 |& A0 hNow imagine 10 million oysters on a reef, whoa that blows my mind away
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; Q7 Y7 w. e: Z/ z& e6 t+ S6 P( wVerse 2:
2 ^- E$ k. |0 G$ a4 s. _ ]3 {+ s' }When oysters filter water you know, they strain the small stuff out b4 N1 |1 j3 O# Q/ L
Nutritious, delicious phytoplankton baby, that’s what it's all about: Y7 n/ N- R, K( _3 d% P
But of all the stuff they filter, only some is gonna make it to their mouth
! u) W7 Y) J% w/ }/ h0 EThe rest gets wrapped in a mucous ball and pseudo-spitted out5 k& t6 S9 Q: c' V2 `/ ~- b
5 a$ J" o& w+ r# pChorus:0 ~3 `' U/ \, U. P5 v5 Z
Oysters – they’re filtering machines
' t: ~0 `3 W5 ?; K3 O4 K+ G& uOysters – they'll keep the water clean3 z3 `; f7 A- f* n
Oysters – they’re habitat producers
* s- @' Y" n0 g8 xOysters – wave energy reducers
0 Z& s, m6 y# n0 b0 V3 X& UOysters, oysters, oysters…they’re not just for breakfast anymore3 q& k7 {4 P/ Y4 l7 v% k
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Verse 3:
+ f" q, [- L+ o1 m9 ?And another thing about oysters, they build these gnarly reefs
, {. Q+ s2 b! T# F/ [2 [That are home to crabs and shrimps and things, that Mr. Redfish likes to eat
5 i% X3 [+ c0 Q1 S# Q% k, AYeah that’s his destination when he's looking to obtain a tasty treat. |/ e4 [7 }8 ^, `: @0 b
And that stimulates production in the fishes, yeah I think that’s pretty neat3 O0 v+ m% n# P, }0 A
/ l6 Q6 w& I* b5 G; B: ^1 b7 z! _Verse 4:
! C# ^, Q: \+ f$ P" [) nWhen oysters build their gnarly reefs in skinny waters near the marshy shore) _3 @6 B" l4 u5 @1 S9 `4 X- U
This creates an opportunity for the oyster to contribute even more
; m {" \. J8 `$ UThey attenuate wave energy when the winds blow hard and make the white caps roar
8 u; v. d" w0 e3 _The rugose reefs reduce erosive forces, yeah baby that’s a score
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Oysters – they’re filtering machines) R) _" G$ Q/ c! G) _ O3 j7 b1 ~
Oysters – help keep the water clean4 l9 X m7 t p8 a X6 S
Oysters – they’re habitat producers
. J. f; \2 J$ |5 ^" ZOysters – wave energy reducers! ?8 ]: G7 {! z$ g4 M
Oysters, oysters, oysters…the best come from Texas, don’t’ mess with the rest cause, they’re not just for breakfast anymore
8 m" G! {, C+ S; f: S4 q牡蛎礁,这一种令人惊叹的栖息地,不仅在海岸带生态系统中发挥着不可或缺的支撑作用,同时也可以作为基于自然的解决方案(Nature-based Solutions,NbS),例如配合海堤等灰色基础设施构成生态岸线,抵御风暴灾害的同时也为社区居民亲近自然、了解海洋提供重要渠道。我们相信,未来在大家的共同努力下,牡蛎礁将重新生机勃勃!2 ~4 F' W3 N. _
# h) c7 r9 N+ r6 D6 Q世界海洋日 / O8 t, a3 g$ _' [3 m9 @2 _6 X
海洋覆盖了地球70%以上的面积。海洋是我们的生命之源,人类以及地球上其他所有生命都依赖于海洋。海洋产生了地球上至少50%的氧气,是地球上大多数生物多样性的家园,全球超过10亿人口摄入的蛋白质也主要来源于海洋。然而,我们的海洋正处于危机之中,受到海洋垃圾、过度捕捞、气候变化等因素的威胁。2022年世界海洋日的全球主题是“振兴海洋 集体行动”(Revitalization: Collective Action for the Ocean)。我们需要为子孙后代保护好美妙的海洋资源。) k9 C0 \" G6 P/ @8 _, q9 [2 H
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1 {, {, Z! V3 _查看原文:www.52ocean.cn |