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很久以来,牡蛎作为当地居民、游客和全球市场喜爱的食物,在沿海地区的经济中扮演着重要的角色。同时,大量牡蛎聚集生长所形成的生物性结构称为牡蛎礁,是一种重要的海岸带栖息地,能够带来多重生态效益。然而,过去的一百年里,在全球范围内,因过度捕捞、水体污染、海岸带开发和病害等原因,牡蛎礁栖息地,已退化消失了85%(Beck et al., 2011)。7 G$ I; @- u2 \5 U3 P
6 \' T0 H7 b- p* {. _6 C7 u在有些地方,牡蛎礁能够起到防波堤的作用,作为天然屏障抵御海浪冲击和海平面上升带来的影响——尤其是在气候持续变化的情况下。© Jerod Foster . o! p, {& G) C+ {" e5 r' A
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; u$ J% x; P' t. n) Q5 C+ w: s2 x& C, G牡蛎通过滤食活动可以减少水体中的悬浮微粒和多余营养物,提高水体清澈度;除了净化水体外,牡蛎礁的三维结构不仅能够为众多的海洋生物提供栖身之所、增殖渔业资源;当飓风、台风等灾害袭来时,它还能够有效减轻海浪对于海岸带的冲击,减少岸线侵蚀。而牡蛎礁栖息地的保护和修复是个长期的系统性工程,需要充分调动各方力量,从政策、科研、资金和社会参与等方面积极行动。
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为扭转牡蛎礁的退化趋势,全球多个地区的海洋保护工作者、科研人员和多方社会力量开展了大量的修复研究与实践行动。大自然保护协会(TNC)作为其中一员,在牡蛎礁保护和修复领域进行了20多年的工作。目前,TNC正与合作伙伴在北美、欧洲及亚太地区(包括中国)修复牡蛎礁,恢复它所带来的生态、社会与经济效益。从小规模的修复研究与实践、到海湾河口的大规模修复规划与实施,都取得了良好的修复成效。目前,TNC在全球参与实施的牡蛎礁修复项目已有200多个。: ~7 u* X% M0 @9 C0 Z
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Consider The Oyster by Bill Rodney音频:00:0004:04" |. E3 c- p$ ~
《关心关心牡蛎吧》是为了赞美牡蛎守护海洋健康而作的歌曲,歌中唱到牡蛎在净化水体、形成栖息地和抵御风暴的厉害之处,并指出:“它们可不只是顿饭这么简单”。
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MUSIC AND LYRICS BY BILL RODNEY WITH YANIV BRENNER ON PIANO AND ORGAN
) T7 a% G3 c$ C5 _Verse 1:
! X g/ E: t1 Y6 KConsider the humble oyster living on the muddy bottom of the bay
6 z# e3 D A. F6 z& k8 X+ KWhy it’s just a rock that’s filled with snot, I heard somebody say" J% q" A2 ?7 o4 ]. g' _6 W/ F
But did you know that just one oyster can filter 50 gallons of water in one day?; g8 T7 Q2 X) l6 y, J
Now imagine 10 million oysters on a reef, whoa that blows my mind away% o7 O4 \, i& b3 Z4 L* E
4 e/ C y8 s& b0 M- t. RVerse 2:! g8 E$ x, e# B. K1 G1 o/ {7 _5 S, q
When oysters filter water you know, they strain the small stuff out
- ~* k& y2 N5 N q( dNutritious, delicious phytoplankton baby, that’s what it's all about8 E& {/ h& p8 E
But of all the stuff they filter, only some is gonna make it to their mouth4 }! s* |$ H# {& \
The rest gets wrapped in a mucous ball and pseudo-spitted out0 n* s" [) ]# i1 E
. f3 A, b. Q7 s6 ]7 lChorus:
( L! S( }4 w9 U2 N `6 gOysters – they’re filtering machines
1 e$ ^+ S& e/ p% U* i! G8 VOysters – they'll keep the water clean8 G5 f9 u6 O7 e
Oysters – they’re habitat producers
5 D" x/ m" @3 g* k3 x: \& n2 FOysters – wave energy reducers
& R' {) r: B, N7 p$ }Oysters, oysters, oysters…they’re not just for breakfast anymore
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) b$ o( X" a+ s- z9 u" |Verse 3:
! G! G4 y8 O% F- P, SAnd another thing about oysters, they build these gnarly reefs
$ f/ Y* f6 o+ J% y7 u% d0 oThat are home to crabs and shrimps and things, that Mr. Redfish likes to eat7 x8 f6 B7 V3 Z; h& ]+ O
Yeah that’s his destination when he's looking to obtain a tasty treat W+ g: [3 a0 `
And that stimulates production in the fishes, yeah I think that’s pretty neat0 X& ?/ k4 `5 l9 a- Y
8 J _: X. F- k) r/ m+ GVerse 4:
8 L! X& R7 z: aWhen oysters build their gnarly reefs in skinny waters near the marshy shore
2 Y* G o J- M9 SThis creates an opportunity for the oyster to contribute even more
, s/ j8 F% m& ^& sThey attenuate wave energy when the winds blow hard and make the white caps roar
6 v0 _8 m5 C+ m! J( B2 E' l8 cThe rugose reefs reduce erosive forces, yeah baby that’s a score
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# I: K5 ^5 ]0 yChorus:8 v8 C/ m+ u7 O# F6 _+ t
Oysters – they’re filtering machines
' q, U0 R: \) v6 ?' X* ]- i; wOysters – help keep the water clean
% _4 \$ \. x" V& j4 D5 @1 ROysters – they’re habitat producers J+ h1 V! F5 ~. E
Oysters – wave energy reducers
& h& O ~8 ^% R" g" SOysters, oysters, oysters…the best come from Texas, don’t’ mess with the rest cause, they’re not just for breakfast anymore
: k) ^$ ^- k+ V9 t( A3 h. j9 W3 D& e牡蛎礁,这一种令人惊叹的栖息地,不仅在海岸带生态系统中发挥着不可或缺的支撑作用,同时也可以作为基于自然的解决方案(Nature-based Solutions,NbS),例如配合海堤等灰色基础设施构成生态岸线,抵御风暴灾害的同时也为社区居民亲近自然、了解海洋提供重要渠道。我们相信,未来在大家的共同努力下,牡蛎礁将重新生机勃勃!. t7 r( p2 w, h: C% B% J0 A
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世界海洋日 ! h- M3 G) r' |6 K$ H! w
海洋覆盖了地球70%以上的面积。海洋是我们的生命之源,人类以及地球上其他所有生命都依赖于海洋。海洋产生了地球上至少50%的氧气,是地球上大多数生物多样性的家园,全球超过10亿人口摄入的蛋白质也主要来源于海洋。然而,我们的海洋正处于危机之中,受到海洋垃圾、过度捕捞、气候变化等因素的威胁。2022年世界海洋日的全球主题是“振兴海洋 集体行动”(Revitalization: Collective Action for the Ocean)。我们需要为子孙后代保护好美妙的海洋资源。6 u. `) h t$ b$ v, |
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