正参考的20分钟科学报告提纲:0 Y' E0 c6 I/ ]# L9 N. g. {
1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)1 h0 K/ a9 H1 ]0 W! _0 f8 D
2. Forecast (1 slide): Give gist of problem attacked and insight found (What is the one idea you want people to leave with? This is the "abstract" of an oral presentation.)$ I, J8 u% n/ _7 ^- k3 E* t
3. Outline (1 slide): Give talk structure. Some speakers prefer to put this at the bottom of their title slide. (Audiences like predictability.)9 H, x8 b# h% s( @
4. Background
! C6 j( a! j) V) c+ _: ?7 @ 4-1. Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides):(Why should anyone care? Most researchers overestimate how much the audience knows about the problem they are attacking.)
! M0 V' M7 u. @( }* h& i- ~ 4-2. Related Work (0-1 slides): Cover superficially or omit; refer people to your paper.
( k* o e# r0 v9 `% M' J5 C 4-3. Methods (1 slide): Cover quickly in short talks; refer people to your paper.* Q4 |/ x$ ^7 M0 Y5 F% }1 X
5. Results (4-6 slides): Present key results and key insights. This is main body of the talk. Its internal structure varies greatly as a function of the researcher's contribution. (Do not superficially cover all results; cover key result well. Do not just present numbers; interpret them to give insights. Do not put up large tables of numbers.)5 r, X+ l7 |$ M/ `. d, l/ {9 Q8 O
6. Summary (1 slide)- ] H# h- X) D8 w" h. v
7. Future Work (0-1 slides):Optionally give problems this research opens up.2 A' W& @2 m! `; O. j2 b
8. Backup Slides (0-3 slides): Optionally have a few slides ready (not counted in your talk total) to answer expected questions. (Likely question areas: ideas glossed over, shortcomings of methods or results, and future work.)
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* C+ r3 ?( g, k# e" G" {' Z简洁版: 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide), B& Q/ N& ~- C1 `7 }+ }
2. Motivation (1 slide)
# J: g/ }" Y- G 3. Background (1 slide)
" t" @4 b- w) }" f 4. Hypothesis (1 slide)4 x/ E4 k+ Z6 q- J0 Q; d- T
5. Results (8 slides)& \+ i" u) W/ v) b, g! Y1 T
6. Conclusion (1 slide)7 n$ h/ d |& P. Z6 n
7. Future Work (1 slide)
1 F- E- p) J5 c. e( O5 i; J" D% B( T 8. Acknowledgements (1slide)) _+ \; ~# P9 V* d! |; \# P% m5 ?
9. Backup Slides, h j/ t. m e0 N7 c( m/ I' I
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举个例子:
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(1)原则
$ {+ w8 c8 u5 L& ?+ u; D, P首先,引用 A PhD is not enough 中的话:
; ?0 _' Y* K: f& gAs the speaker you are putting on a one-man show. Your listeners are investigating an hour of their valuable time... They expect to hear a good story, with a beginning, a middle and an end...9 ?) ]+ T S X. J+ ?
... Never over-estimate your audience...
[# I" j" a! F6 q& I# e2 N5 `是的,要讲一个“故事”,因为大家都喜欢听故事,无厘头在这里就不靠谱了。而且要尽量讲得简单易懂,化繁为简,林老师也说“如果学术报告能够让老妈也能听懂,就是成功”(据说是 Don Forsyth 的名言)。
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4 M$ J% a- w% ](2)结构
- F) N( e1 V$ @5 ^, @0 u我之前分享了一份20分钟科学演讲的提纲:4 X$ ^& f0 B" d& ~
http://www.joyocean.org/viewthread.php?tid=1789&extra=page%3D10 a# L. [5 L; V2 U5 l) E. T
以“讲故事”为目标,修改后的最终版本PPT的结构变成了:& D9 F8 `! K1 {( e: M0 J
1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)6 F; o4 K3 a# O* |
2. Motivation (1 slide)& R- I* r3 B* m
3. Background (1 slide)/ v& O' A: q: i2 W
4. Hypothesis (1 slide)3 W# @, U) m0 J7 L. H7 V
5. Results (8 slides), ~/ S0 n9 k3 ]
6. Conclusion (1 slide)
9 ^2 q' O9 J" s 7. Future Work (1 slide)) Q6 H$ f8 b7 f+ y0 B$ n
8. Acknowledgements (1slide)# V: B6 t3 G" G/ C4 O* p) D; V
9. Backup Slides
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几点我觉得比较重要的改变包括:
: B, ?0 m/ `0 K7 d6 F& n' g+ ra. 删除 Forcast & Outline,这是为了更快的进入“故事”;其实所有与故事无关的都应当删去。5 ?6 _% _- G" x6 T- l
b. 缩减 Background,删减后的这个部分只有一张slide,只包括“故事”中必须要用到的概念。! p) d1 ]( M! C2 W3 O
c. 增加 Hypothesis,这个部分有点像文章的 Introduction,与最后的Conclusion对应,介绍这个研究的科学问题。6 P4 U+ p8 \$ ]* }2 [9 s t
d. 加大 Results 的份额,这个就不用多说了吧。“讲故事”就在这里。当然了,我发现真正在准备的时候还是很费时的,因为要注意顺序问题,怎样能一张一张有逻辑的将故事说圆了,让大家都没有疑惑。5 v, a* x2 ^: w4 i
7 O$ P+ `& l: M1 r" Z# b7 f4 R! r(3)讲故事. y) D; S) P+ I- I: a: ?) b
也就是 Results 部分,也是报告真正的核心内容。与写文章不同的是,因为时间限制,细节问题不需要讨论;这样才能将重要的内容凸显出来。图多字少不用公式也是给短报告的一个原则。/ D3 N: b5 {* E0 C
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(4)风格/ w2 W7 Z; T7 b i
我的第一个版本的每一张 Slide 都包括了进度条和姓名时间,后来在林老师的建议下删掉了。这是因为要“努力使听众集中注意力听故事”。4 D( v" Q6 t" ?
同样,制作 PPT 还有很多细节问题,有些关乎个人风格。目标当然是要显得“Professional”了。下面是林老师在帮我修改 PPT 时的一些建议,在这里与大家分享一下:
3 ]. y0 i& l7 V+ \a. 字体: Aria narrow.
# L; h" M6 @; _, w& x8 t7 z 字体大小: title 32, subtitle 28 etc., not smaller than 18
+ {8 c; v/ y$ j1 ub.深色底色加上浅色(比如白&黄色)的字
* l2 }) |: ?' ?/ H6 r5 A" s3 Yc. 不要过分展示别人的结果,专注于讲自己的故事。2 `/ z! S; N; w: \7 G
! r& B2 j% n! o4 ~4 W! S(5)画图3 P& f! ?: V* ^1 n5 j
因为图片在报告的重要性,PPT 中的每一张图都要重新画过,推荐用 png 格式。我用 AI 将 pdf 转成 png 格式,同时要注意分辨率,字体大小的问题。下面链接是个很详细的说明:, ~5 n- S$ T$ P; R: R" _
www.52ocean.cn
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