正参考的20分钟科学报告提纲：' `- H% ^* Z- o' W4 I l* |6 J9 f
1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
; [ Q; g( T1 X0 X8 n3 ^+ L. Q, t p( ? 2. Forecast (1 slide)： Give gist of problem attacked and insight found (What is the one idea you want people to leave with? This is the "abstract" of an oral presentation.)
1 W. u3 D+ e6 u4 v: b/ \ |' q6 ] 3. Outline (1 slide)： Give talk structure. Some speakers prefer to put this at the bottom of their title slide. (Audiences like predictability.)
9 p. y3 E0 L& w3 E) G, g) G 4. Background
. I4 s. i8 u6 Y 4-1. Motivation and Problem Statement (1-2 slides)：(Why should anyone care? Most researchers overestimate how much the audience knows about the problem they are attacking.)
# w, u1 Z$ F$ M4 P. K# ^4 w 4-2. Related Work (0-1 slides)： Cover superficially or omit; refer people to your paper.6 |5 I+ ^. A8 @& E l# t
4-3. Methods (1 slide)： Cover quickly in short talks; refer people to your paper.) {, Q# p/ K' [+ ~
5. Results (4-6 slides)： Present key results and key insights. This is main body of the talk. Its internal structure varies greatly as a function of the researcher's contribution. (Do not superficially cover all results; cover key result well. Do not just present numbers; interpret them to give insights. Do not put up large tables of numbers.)
2 z4 u3 d' o/ p+ b$ s; z, B 6. Summary (1 slide)
4 j( e, W0 F' C# G" R3 c, [/ z 7. Future Work (0-1 slides)：Optionally give problems this research opens up.
4 e q. Q# N/ T 8. Backup Slides (0-3 slides): Optionally have a few slides ready (not counted in your talk total) to answer expected questions. (Likely question areas: ideas glossed over, shortcomings of methods or results, and future work.)
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简洁版： 1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)
& }5 S v7 G$ ]( h% o0 Z! W 2. Motivation (1 slide)2 ~8 [5 B/ O# z$ o
3. Background (1 slide)
! q9 A- P; J" X# h# ? d 4. Hypothesis (1 slide)2 @& Z0 ] S4 ]/ x- J
5. Results (8 slides)0 B, y7 M) h; c# b ^: c! c
6. Conclusion (1 slide)* M [ [& a% W: Q8 ^; z0 F( D0 n
7. Future Work (1 slide)
- X$ l1 K9 S9 X$ V 8. Acknowledgements (1slide)2 [1 V4 s5 J. T0 x1 V3 ^) V
9. Backup Slides
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举个例子：
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) l) d2 d6 j% E（1）原则/ o; D5 y; M, l! t {* _
首先，引用 A PhD is not enough 中的话：9 B- `+ U: Q+ I' L
As the speaker you are putting on a one-man show. Your listeners are investigating an hour of their valuable time... They expect to hear a good story, with a beginning, a middle and an end..., p" e1 a7 w1 g/ ]/ G* C
... Never over-estimate your audience...9 p, J; U8 W# V. W. a
是的，要讲一个“故事”，因为大家都喜欢听故事，无厘头在这里就不靠谱了。而且要尽量讲得简单易懂，化繁为简，林老师也说“如果学术报告能够让老妈也能听懂，就是成功”（据说是 Don Forsyth 的名言）。
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* j( m+ W4 C" f" q/ I: b（2）结构7 T. F% {( l. X" v
我之前分享了一份20分钟科学演讲的提纲：
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: q. E3 T! R/ o" [1 y! E5 G以“讲故事”为目标，修改后的最终版本PPT的结构变成了：+ P: N) k6 y/ F
1. Title/author/affiliation (1 slide)9 R" E2 R% V; p0 c; d: b6 _: p
2. Motivation (1 slide)6 ]8 m% r* ^# ?. G, d0 z
3. Background (1 slide)
& u5 z; i) {8 S, Z3 s; a 4. Hypothesis (1 slide)
0 J( {% ^, U5 l, Y5 g 5. Results (8 slides)1 O1 t% I; P* e* _2 H8 Z
6. Conclusion (1 slide)2 m1 e) h$ `) F, W( B) ~/ C
7. Future Work (1 slide)" L$ b- N% \, s
8. Acknowledgements (1slide)
; @1 b" d4 N2 Y" p' [ 9. Backup Slides
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9 v" d# `+ f% N# G6 i% Z几点我觉得比较重要的改变包括：2 C6 S f$ i3 ~" Q0 R
a. 删除 Forcast & Outline，这是为了更快的进入“故事”；其实所有与故事无关的都应当删去。- j c/ a: I4 f* V v3 e L
b. 缩减 Background，删减后的这个部分只有一张slide，只包括“故事”中必须要用到的概念。
& P4 L) H _$ P* U8 Y0 g2 rc. 增加 Hypothesis，这个部分有点像文章的 Introduction，与最后的Conclusion对应，介绍这个研究的科学问题。, Z6 A* m% Q- w/ ?4 d3 ]
d. 加大 Results 的份额，这个就不用多说了吧。“讲故事”就在这里。当然了，我发现真正在准备的时候还是很费时的，因为要注意顺序问题，怎样能一张一张有逻辑的将故事说圆了，让大家都没有疑惑。
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（3）讲故事. F0 V- e0 c+ Y: X$ _! D: j
也就是 Results 部分，也是报告真正的核心内容。与写文章不同的是，因为时间限制，细节问题不需要讨论；这样才能将重要的内容凸显出来。图多字少不用公式也是给短报告的一个原则。" H9 X1 y: {# e) c$ {/ m( G
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（4）风格2 w/ ~; d$ x8 W" K
我的第一个版本的每一张 Slide 都包括了进度条和姓名时间，后来在林老师的建议下删掉了。这是因为要“努力使听众集中注意力听故事”。2 J8 @2 C! Y- k; e* ~ K I1 s1 h$ P
同样，制作 PPT 还有很多细节问题，有些关乎个人风格。目标当然是要显得“Professional”了。下面是林老师在帮我修改 PPT 时的一些建议，在这里与大家分享一下：
* k/ f& u& O' j5 N4 Qa. 字体: Aria narrow.
& Y3 v" m8 {, E; y- C$ V n( D 字体大小: title 32, subtitle 28 etc., not smaller than 18
! S/ U- q$ {# H/ d. m: Kb.深色底色加上浅色（比如白&黄色）的字
6 f1 `- }8 q+ w2 }/ B4 d5 rc. 不要过分展示别人的结果，专注于讲自己的故事。
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5 u- B% ^; X/ u# L# y. X z（5）画图$ p# S& h- U/ i) p
因为图片在报告的重要性，PPT 中的每一张图都要重新画过，推荐用 png 格式。我用 AI 将 pdf 转成 png 格式，同时要注意分辨率，字体大小的问题。下面链接是个很详细的说明：$ P# t! o- D& A' ^' V! D9 _0 X
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