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原标题:如何保护鲸鱼免受船只伤害,看看智利交出的答卷!
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A device floating in waters off the coast of southern Chile aims to collect data on nearby whales to protect them from passing ships.
! r+ R+ Y7 v1 B: L2 T 智利南部海岸附近水域漂浮着一个装置,该装置旨在收集附近鲸鱼的数据,以保护它们免受过往船只的伤害。
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) d1 D% x7 G5 _- t1 q* M. F* x The first electronic buoy was recently placed in the sea in the Gulf of Corcovado, about 1,100 kilometers from the capital, Santiago.
; u3 e0 f7 Y; i 第一个电子浮标最近被放置在距离智利首都圣地亚哥约1100公里的科尔科瓦多湾。
- {' s X9 R7 g The device is designed to listen to the sounds whales make when they communicate with each other.
" F( A8 ?9 s. [5 G 该设备旨在监听鲸鱼相互交流时发出的声音。 ) |/ |/ }5 U: \& Z# R1 j. i: M
The animals use sound to map their movements and to hunt.
; r1 I. ?1 U7 p1 R) r$ T h 这种动物使用声音来记录它们的行动图,并进行狩猎。
+ w1 a, f( j4 O, n& s% g( ^ The sounds are processed by artificial intelligence (AI)-powered computer systems in an effort to identify where the animals are. + P! O9 l" }9 f5 u
这些声音由人工智能(AI)驱动的计算机系统处理,以努力确定动物的位置。 % P* _* e* f8 k
This information is then sent to shipping operators to help them avoid crashing into whales. % O8 s) R, r4 X9 p% y
这些信息随后被发送给航运运营商,以帮助他们避免撞到鲸鱼。
: g) W6 P% S& e. n# E1 J, {/ t A non-profit organization called the Blue Boat Initiative put the buoy in place. 0 s9 R/ b" v6 s1 F3 R4 J/ Q
该浮标由一个名为“蓝船倡议”的非营利组织安装。
3 J9 F& O7 d: G. y( f) m5 }% x/ i The group seeks to develop and deploy technology tools to provide a warning system for shipping companies. 0 n' z' C# y8 u( g! s7 h8 A! z; N/ y& e
该组织寻求开发和部署技术工具,为航运公司提供预警系统。 0 u& U) s8 Z8 a7 z1 D& a
In addition to helping protect whales, the "smart" buoy also collects data on the health of the ocean and the effects of climate change. , ^# o; f& Q, w- z
除了帮助保护鲸鱼,“智能”浮标还收集关于海洋健康和气候变化影响的数据。 6 U9 L+ O2 X3 y
The group plans to place a series of buoys along the path whales take on trips from Antarctica to the equator.
$ O2 x& @& O" \ 该组织计划在鲸鱼从南极洲到赤道的路线上放置一系列浮标。 # \! ]( C( _/ T# Y! _& J4 I, m, E4 I
The Gulf of Corcovado is rich in sea life, including a large number of blue whales, as well as sei and Southern right whales. 1 M" s, h1 ?$ r4 M8 Z0 x
科尔科瓦多湾的海洋生物丰富,包括大量的蓝鲸,以及西鲸和南露脊鲸。 + G, a( o4 E. e
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All these whales are listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act.
6 m- X% d. A! G) Z/ X D 根据《濒危物种法》,所有这些鲸鱼都被列为濒危物种。
* ^& V5 ^" P5 z4 ~. H! | The areas whale population is largest during the summer season in the Southern Hemisphere.
+ w1 L+ A) q; ~9 c, G0 S) | 该地区的鲸鱼数量在南半球的夏季是最多的。 : O) m4 \3 Z! ^) i9 A
In 2008, Chile banned whaling activities, including whaling for scientific purposes. 5 U* N) g" s5 Z% H+ s5 F G7 n
2008年,智利禁止捕鲸活动,包括用于科学目的捕鲸。
) J7 l. O8 @: W% Y% `8 _ The country has established a number of protected areas for whales and other endangered species.
) g+ w# I2 j) {/ J 该国已经为鲸鱼和其他濒危物种建立了一些保护区。 2 y$ n: I8 |: y6 q2 v; S" m8 F, U
"This is the beginning of a longer road," said Sonia Espanol, director of the Blue Boat Initiative. 9 R3 d7 o$ ? }
“这是一条更漫长道路的开始,”蓝船倡议的负责人索尼娅·埃斯帕诺尔说。
: I6 T2 a/ v) Z" \ She noted that her team plans to cover the gulf with at least six buoys. ; v0 D- Z) w/ F* V( Y$ b9 \
她指出,她的团队计划用至少六个浮标覆盖整个海湾。
$ K( `) ^+ ^8 y7 }. Y; n- }! {5 O "The idea is to be able to cover the entire migratory route of the whales from Antarctica to the equator," Espanol said.
- a: d; E$ N1 r4 l7 ^- b “我们的想法是能够覆盖鲸鱼从南极洲到赤道的整个迁徙路线。”埃斯帕诺尔说。 6 Q) n0 `' a6 o6 p, Q: C9 B C
The buoy works by using software called Listening to the Deep Ocean Environment (LIDO). : p& N6 T2 p g6 p! A; o* o
该浮标的工作原理是使用名为“倾听深海环境”(LIDO)的软件。
8 D8 r. N$ _' {6 e" ^0 | }/ t The device continuously monitors ocean sounds. l s2 h) ^3 o: ^' @( @3 g2 l
该设备持续监测海洋声音。 : ]/ t/ s% Q( q& Y9 Y+ B2 D) G
It uses AI to identify the kind of whales and where they are in real time.
1 H, J$ d# q0 T6 n5 K+ I 它使用人工智能来实时识别鲸鱼的种类和位置。 ( X* B0 H! j) U# f! U
It then sends messages to nearby ships so they can reduce noise levels and try to avoid crashes.
$ m- ]% y( }8 @7 n( p' [/ c 然后它会向附近的船只发送信息,这样他们就可以降低噪音水平,尽量避免碰撞。 ( O& j3 ~3 T' b8 |% s$ D Q
The buoys also contain sensors to measure water temperatures, oxygen levels and more to predict ocean health and the effects of climate change.
% R8 q6 S) j& s6 H* ~ 浮标还包含传感器,用来测量水温、氧气水平等,以预测海洋健康和气候变化的影响。
# f) I" L# F0 t* Q+ ` That information is expected to be used to help guide public environmental policies. 3 W4 |6 X: R9 V# S$ @
这些信息预计将被用来帮助指导公共环境政策。 : z- p' t2 ?! |
In the United States, scientists recently deployed a similar whale warning system off Americas west coast.
: N1 o" C0 [; q. T 在美国,科学家最近在美国西海岸部署了一个类似的鲸鱼预警系统。 4 \6 o6 s9 w4 K* C1 U8 D) W5 [

( P# Q; T" v& e0 N7 R$ X! t That system, called Whale Safe, also uses buoys to identify the presence of whales. : q$ h5 i# Y }! Z. ]
这个被称为“鲸鱼安全”的系统也使用浮标来识别鲸鱼的存在。
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