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( C j7 B$ d1 S3 z4 X8 p3 Q1 h: z s 原标题:如何保护鲸鱼免受船只伤害,看看智利交出的答卷! : F2 v, s7 K Y) A4 `
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A device floating in waters off the coast of southern Chile aims to collect data on nearby whales to protect them from passing ships.
5 o7 m1 {5 V" G, S$ V 智利南部海岸附近水域漂浮着一个装置,该装置旨在收集附近鲸鱼的数据,以保护它们免受过往船只的伤害。 % w5 j) m X9 F- h
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The first electronic buoy was recently placed in the sea in the Gulf of Corcovado, about 1,100 kilometers from the capital, Santiago. ! L% J) {3 e" x9 N N# E
第一个电子浮标最近被放置在距离智利首都圣地亚哥约1100公里的科尔科瓦多湾。
, k: g5 k ]# m) }/ ] The device is designed to listen to the sounds whales make when they communicate with each other.
, F" Z% t5 S+ D. Y2 D1 J' A) ` 该设备旨在监听鲸鱼相互交流时发出的声音。 9 ~" H8 D5 H# ]
The animals use sound to map their movements and to hunt. , D, Y! O4 Z7 g' r4 U
这种动物使用声音来记录它们的行动图,并进行狩猎。 6 L' |& Y+ F& p9 V$ R2 q5 s
The sounds are processed by artificial intelligence (AI)-powered computer systems in an effort to identify where the animals are. 2 P0 s- [- `6 I5 [, Z0 k3 A- f l4 Y9 p
这些声音由人工智能(AI)驱动的计算机系统处理,以努力确定动物的位置。
* x ?( C. a& a4 T This information is then sent to shipping operators to help them avoid crashing into whales. / m. }/ U# r0 A- f0 D& ~9 w
这些信息随后被发送给航运运营商,以帮助他们避免撞到鲸鱼。 $ A! Z8 r `( \3 m: a
A non-profit organization called the Blue Boat Initiative put the buoy in place.
1 y6 z. g) [& z8 y 该浮标由一个名为“蓝船倡议”的非营利组织安装。 ; n9 D+ ^% S6 Z/ D1 L; f
The group seeks to develop and deploy technology tools to provide a warning system for shipping companies.
( r4 Z- d4 P0 _7 `2 {1 s1 O8 u 该组织寻求开发和部署技术工具,为航运公司提供预警系统。 5 Z- k' R, {& ^( V" x& l: R
In addition to helping protect whales, the "smart" buoy also collects data on the health of the ocean and the effects of climate change. 4 c1 W9 V; Z! D* c0 p
除了帮助保护鲸鱼,“智能”浮标还收集关于海洋健康和气候变化影响的数据。
/ J. ~. v _; z+ f: I The group plans to place a series of buoys along the path whales take on trips from Antarctica to the equator. & q! Q$ u& G2 M0 _- A6 b5 _; R0 o
该组织计划在鲸鱼从南极洲到赤道的路线上放置一系列浮标。
9 e' q4 b" b/ X$ a, v The Gulf of Corcovado is rich in sea life, including a large number of blue whales, as well as sei and Southern right whales.
- K( L/ B2 F! ^# S+ N 科尔科瓦多湾的海洋生物丰富,包括大量的蓝鲸,以及西鲸和南露脊鲸。 * C& P' [( H; M2 W* c8 Q: q

8 x2 `8 V* @% S" ~8 t9 Z) D0 g# @ All these whales are listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act. - V2 G0 R. z; Q( D$ y( R" N! x$ s3 [
根据《濒危物种法》,所有这些鲸鱼都被列为濒危物种。 7 ?" o1 p% }, j3 p- L
The areas whale population is largest during the summer season in the Southern Hemisphere. $ ]4 z- Q$ p- i+ L$ k
该地区的鲸鱼数量在南半球的夏季是最多的。
3 V' T& R2 v, i; A: S3 v8 j) H3 `/ a/ k, w In 2008, Chile banned whaling activities, including whaling for scientific purposes.
) f4 i7 w7 S0 e5 I6 [. `# P 2008年,智利禁止捕鲸活动,包括用于科学目的捕鲸。 6 P K! _9 x. g; \6 y
The country has established a number of protected areas for whales and other endangered species. ! w+ i0 q1 `6 Y% Q% }6 X- s
该国已经为鲸鱼和其他濒危物种建立了一些保护区。 1 [1 R8 T/ Z, }! J0 C
"This is the beginning of a longer road," said Sonia Espanol, director of the Blue Boat Initiative.
. ?% \! m+ { c$ F “这是一条更漫长道路的开始,”蓝船倡议的负责人索尼娅·埃斯帕诺尔说。 , ]$ s. F/ I3 ?. y6 S. X Z9 p) B" t
She noted that her team plans to cover the gulf with at least six buoys.
: w' O- J0 \4 O( c; U 她指出,她的团队计划用至少六个浮标覆盖整个海湾。
: i# e& b# x# a' N, I "The idea is to be able to cover the entire migratory route of the whales from Antarctica to the equator," Espanol said. 3 i1 Z- ]1 q M! R7 A; T
“我们的想法是能够覆盖鲸鱼从南极洲到赤道的整个迁徙路线。”埃斯帕诺尔说。 6 B1 Z$ u5 r1 {' b$ l; I
The buoy works by using software called Listening to the Deep Ocean Environment (LIDO). ' o" Z( P9 w x' V
该浮标的工作原理是使用名为“倾听深海环境”(LIDO)的软件。 8 G4 z: d( Y3 K/ t' [% O9 k$ {
The device continuously monitors ocean sounds.
0 W0 @0 E% [! V! W$ |2 ]+ l 该设备持续监测海洋声音。 8 l5 ~' C! D1 ~% K
It uses AI to identify the kind of whales and where they are in real time. # n3 k8 l. l4 E
它使用人工智能来实时识别鲸鱼的种类和位置。
1 o8 \( f; S! J8 s, i& v It then sends messages to nearby ships so they can reduce noise levels and try to avoid crashes.
$ P) b. S. ^; k" g 然后它会向附近的船只发送信息,这样他们就可以降低噪音水平,尽量避免碰撞。
+ l, K1 R* R. P% s* ~ The buoys also contain sensors to measure water temperatures, oxygen levels and more to predict ocean health and the effects of climate change.
+ N% G% @% q* Z! {" } { w 浮标还包含传感器,用来测量水温、氧气水平等,以预测海洋健康和气候变化的影响。 $ g5 ]6 ^1 T2 o' I& I! S
That information is expected to be used to help guide public environmental policies.
: ^1 N7 q- z" | 这些信息预计将被用来帮助指导公共环境政策。 - }( o% O: |. d U9 k
In the United States, scientists recently deployed a similar whale warning system off Americas west coast. ( l* T1 |" g E }' H! B
在美国,科学家最近在美国西海岸部署了一个类似的鲸鱼预警系统。 + ?( i$ @0 S7 \/ j: z1 E4 N& P* t- n
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That system, called Whale Safe, also uses buoys to identify the presence of whales. , d3 d4 T. G0 D- G" p
这个被称为“鲸鱼安全”的系统也使用浮标来识别鲸鱼的存在。 8 U8 e. d4 K4 ?# A- s( g! T
2022年第11期招生刚刚结束,部分班级还可以插班,详情请点击:招生简章|"一天一点"会员口语群2022年第11期招生最后1天! " V! n; b' `: A2 ~
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