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原标题:如何保护鲸鱼免受船只伤害,看看智利交出的答卷!
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A device floating in waters off the coast of southern Chile aims to collect data on nearby whales to protect them from passing ships.
Q9 [: \4 Z- R+ m 智利南部海岸附近水域漂浮着一个装置,该装置旨在收集附近鲸鱼的数据,以保护它们免受过往船只的伤害。
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The first electronic buoy was recently placed in the sea in the Gulf of Corcovado, about 1,100 kilometers from the capital, Santiago. 4 m5 g p/ E! }8 b3 H
第一个电子浮标最近被放置在距离智利首都圣地亚哥约1100公里的科尔科瓦多湾。
5 S0 E# P: C7 l9 E: [( W- S* ^3 R The device is designed to listen to the sounds whales make when they communicate with each other. / ?; I+ |7 w) z9 Y
该设备旨在监听鲸鱼相互交流时发出的声音。
2 y- y$ M. o1 v" v The animals use sound to map their movements and to hunt. : C" @9 p. x4 l+ P
这种动物使用声音来记录它们的行动图,并进行狩猎。 7 A5 k1 F! ^; X
The sounds are processed by artificial intelligence (AI)-powered computer systems in an effort to identify where the animals are. 3 w1 g5 A0 K# Q! K
这些声音由人工智能(AI)驱动的计算机系统处理,以努力确定动物的位置。
. v4 v5 j8 \4 F1 v5 p s; C, ]$ o' g This information is then sent to shipping operators to help them avoid crashing into whales. 3 P8 r! K0 @$ S6 x8 }, q# b2 h
这些信息随后被发送给航运运营商,以帮助他们避免撞到鲸鱼。
: r( h( u' }+ T4 B3 A# ] A non-profit organization called the Blue Boat Initiative put the buoy in place.
% x% e9 f& r! o4 j8 F 该浮标由一个名为“蓝船倡议”的非营利组织安装。 % y2 n. ?' m( \$ @9 s
The group seeks to develop and deploy technology tools to provide a warning system for shipping companies.
; M+ \, @; ?, w- j/ v4 U! Z, j8 x 该组织寻求开发和部署技术工具,为航运公司提供预警系统。 2 U; _, r( d( a/ P* @# N$ Z
In addition to helping protect whales, the "smart" buoy also collects data on the health of the ocean and the effects of climate change.
/ f" K3 G5 ` W; Y1 n" e5 M 除了帮助保护鲸鱼,“智能”浮标还收集关于海洋健康和气候变化影响的数据。
! S ^! |( M! W$ I! W5 s$ z( N The group plans to place a series of buoys along the path whales take on trips from Antarctica to the equator. 6 u' J8 e& g, Z! @/ H1 n
该组织计划在鲸鱼从南极洲到赤道的路线上放置一系列浮标。
3 L @. O5 l2 u" g( I. D The Gulf of Corcovado is rich in sea life, including a large number of blue whales, as well as sei and Southern right whales.
% |3 N3 c9 v: m- R. ^% h t9 X 科尔科瓦多湾的海洋生物丰富,包括大量的蓝鲸,以及西鲸和南露脊鲸。
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; Q: U4 `) N9 Z# `. m6 p All these whales are listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act. ' S) K' M% \! w8 N: ]; n0 f" _
根据《濒危物种法》,所有这些鲸鱼都被列为濒危物种。 7 e( W2 W5 {+ Y* S
The areas whale population is largest during the summer season in the Southern Hemisphere. 8 ?. w1 x/ j% m+ H; Y
该地区的鲸鱼数量在南半球的夏季是最多的。 % U9 h$ t) h( @9 x0 v+ }
In 2008, Chile banned whaling activities, including whaling for scientific purposes. 2 d& K W9 y! C# w8 q% B+ O
2008年,智利禁止捕鲸活动,包括用于科学目的捕鲸。 . y" @+ n' n9 F: d: ]! }: X
The country has established a number of protected areas for whales and other endangered species.
% _$ f* J; Z- W1 ^: p 该国已经为鲸鱼和其他濒危物种建立了一些保护区。 ! w% C) }/ R2 z3 A; s
"This is the beginning of a longer road," said Sonia Espanol, director of the Blue Boat Initiative.
6 C$ b& \" S7 |# F “这是一条更漫长道路的开始,”蓝船倡议的负责人索尼娅·埃斯帕诺尔说。
. j# g" Y! R1 `. [1 S7 b; n0 j She noted that her team plans to cover the gulf with at least six buoys.
. _6 t+ P/ r* p! n. h7 z5 m 她指出,她的团队计划用至少六个浮标覆盖整个海湾。 4 {2 |4 j, H9 w- P/ a$ q# j: m
"The idea is to be able to cover the entire migratory route of the whales from Antarctica to the equator," Espanol said.
5 E# u, ]8 l: } v# L S2 A. S “我们的想法是能够覆盖鲸鱼从南极洲到赤道的整个迁徙路线。”埃斯帕诺尔说。
|6 a7 R) B- n) f) f% H/ E+ N The buoy works by using software called Listening to the Deep Ocean Environment (LIDO).
/ O/ r e1 t$ j3 n& f 该浮标的工作原理是使用名为“倾听深海环境”(LIDO)的软件。 : R% P3 }8 z) x D. o) ]9 k
The device continuously monitors ocean sounds.
5 m$ { S2 B* D$ R n 该设备持续监测海洋声音。 & T9 S2 ~7 e$ c7 c
It uses AI to identify the kind of whales and where they are in real time.
+ N) v; r* j# i1 ~3 c 它使用人工智能来实时识别鲸鱼的种类和位置。
]# q$ U' v" |8 @5 S& Q, v1 w- u7 c/ a It then sends messages to nearby ships so they can reduce noise levels and try to avoid crashes. : o- j7 s7 F6 `# L
然后它会向附近的船只发送信息,这样他们就可以降低噪音水平,尽量避免碰撞。
2 \6 N* }2 q3 b* y6 r+ W9 U The buoys also contain sensors to measure water temperatures, oxygen levels and more to predict ocean health and the effects of climate change.
( ]; v* _* y1 X 浮标还包含传感器,用来测量水温、氧气水平等,以预测海洋健康和气候变化的影响。 : z& b: J/ f3 z M& y/ X1 n
That information is expected to be used to help guide public environmental policies. + e/ `' i) c7 K# P; ^0 I: ~
这些信息预计将被用来帮助指导公共环境政策。
& k# M' r0 k1 C' ]. Q* A8 Y In the United States, scientists recently deployed a similar whale warning system off Americas west coast.
/ c) f8 I' T- k8 k( [0 H 在美国,科学家最近在美国西海岸部署了一个类似的鲸鱼预警系统。
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' p7 J W8 }+ H L That system, called Whale Safe, also uses buoys to identify the presence of whales.
* v! x: [3 P d% E! [" A& e/ w 这个被称为“鲸鱼安全”的系统也使用浮标来识别鲸鱼的存在。 : H g: r% ?$ d' s: Q) ]" u
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